Edema: Swelling That Can Have Many Causes

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When to See a Doctor

While mild edema may resolve on its own, it’s important to seek medical attention if:

  • The swelling is sudden, severe, or unexplained

  • It affects only one limb or part of the body

  • It is accompanied by symptoms like shortness of breath, chest pain, or fatigue

  • The skin over the swollen area is stretched, shiny, or painful

  • You notice pitting (when pressing on the skin leaves a lasting indentation)

Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the underlying cause and prevent complications.

How Edema Is Treated

Treatment for edema depends on the underlying cause. General recommendations may include:

  • Reducing salt intake to help limit fluid retention

  • Elevating the affected limbs to improve circulation

  • Wearing compression garments to prevent fluid buildup

  • Taking prescribed medications such as diuretics if needed

  • Treating the root cause, whether it’s heart, liver, or kidney disease

Lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise, staying hydrated, and avoiding prolonged immobility, can also play a significant role in managing and preventing edema.

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